Phytochemical and Antiulcer Study on the Ethanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Spondias dulcis L. Anacardaceae in Rodents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59493/advpbl/2025.1.1Keywords:
Phytochemical; Antiulcer; Leaf; AnacardaceaeAbstract
The leaf of Spondias dulcis (Anacardaceae) is used by the indigenes of Usaka in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State for the management of abdominal pains/aches. This study was structured to screen the ethanol leaf extract of S. dulcis for phytochemicals, quantify total flavonoids and phenolic contents and also, study its ulcer protective effect. Fresh leaves were shade-dried, milled, macerated with aqueous ethanol (60%) for 72 hours and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. Part of the crude extract (75g) was partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol for their partitioned fractions. Phytochemical screening and quantification were achieved by standard protocols while ulcer protective effect was studied using ethanol and indomethacin ulcer models in rats. Phytochemical screening unveiled the major metabolites present to be flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phlobatannins and terpenoids. The ethanol extract had a total phenolic content of 2.586 mg/g while among the fractions, n-butanol fraction (NBT) revealed the highest total phenolic content of 2.434 mg/g and also, highest flavonoid content of 1.875 mg/g. The ethanol extract of S. dulcis protected the intestinal lining against ulcers in the two experimental models in a dose-related manner. The result of this study supports the folkloric application of S. dulcis leaf in abdominal pain diseases.
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