Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum Splendens G. Don (Verbenaceae)

Patrick E. Obi; Anne C. Ezeh; Christopher O.  Ezeugwu; Christopher E.O. Ugwoke; Sabastine O. Onugwu; Chukwunonso E. Obi; Jude I. Ali; Raymond O. Offiah

doi:10.59493/advpbl/2024.1.4

Authors

Patrick E. Obi
Anne C. Ezeh
Christopher O. Ezeugwu
Christopher E.O. Ugwoke
Sabastine O. Onugwu
Chukwunonso E. Obi
Jude I. Ali
Raymond O. Offiah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59493/advpbl/2024.1.4

Keywords:

Clerodendrum splendens; Ascorbic acid; Antioxidants; Oxidative stress

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum splendens. Three hundred and fifty grams (350 g) of the powdered leaf sample was macerated in 1500 ml of ethanol for 48 hours. The ethanol extract (EE) was partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous ethanol using the separating funnel to obtain the respective fractions. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted for EE. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were analyzed, in comparison with ascorbic acid (AA), using the 1,1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for concentrations of 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 mg/ml. The percentage inhibition power, IC₅₀and EC₅₀ values were calculated accordingly. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids were present in EE. In the acute toxicity study, mice administered a dosage of 5000 mg/kg were without experiencing any fatalities. The DPPH assay indicates that the most active fraction was the aqueous ethanol fraction with the lowest IC₅₀ value of 0.31 mg/ml, while AA had an IC₅₀ value of 0.0285 mg/ml. The FRAP results also indicates that the most active fractions were the ethyl acetate fraction with EC₅₀ values of 0.29 mg/ml, while AA had an EC₅₀ value of 0.057 mg/ml. The antioxidant activity of EE is similar to that of ascorbic acid, and it can be utilized to treat and prevent disorders associated to oxidative stress.

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